Best Practice for De-Vulcanization of Waste Passenger Car Tire Rubber Granulate Using 2-2′-dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide as De-Vulcanization Agent in a Twin-Screw Extruder

Upscaling of a Batch De-Vulcanization Process for Ground Car Tire Rubber to a Continuous Process in a Twin Screw Extruder

As a means to decrease the amount of waste tires and to re-use tire rubber for new tires, devulcanization of ground passenger car tires is a promising process. Being an established process for NR and EPDM, earlier work has shown that for ground passenger car tire rubber with a relatively high amount of SBR, a devulcanization process can be formulated, as well. This was proven for a laboratory-s...

Theory & Practice Of Vulcanization

Vulcanization and the Properties of Rubber

Rubber is composed of long stringlike polymer molecules, which are pinned together at random points by crosslinks. As the density of crosslinks is increased, the molecules get localized and the system undergoes a phase transition from a liquid to an amorphous solid state. The elastic properties of the resulting solid are very different from those of metals, and are primarily due to changes in t...

Performance Matrix Based Contoller Tuning for Tire Vulcanization Process

Global competition today is forcing tire-manufacturing industries to implement continuous improvement systems that can reduce cost and improve product quality. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers play a key role in the quality of vulcanized tire. This paper presents a novel method for the performance assessment and controller tuning of temperature control loops in a tire vulcaniz...

From Vulcanization to Isotropic and Nematic Rubber Elasticity

– A Landau theory is constructed for the vulcanization transition in cross-linked polymer systems with spontaneous nematic ordering. The neo-classical theory of the elasticity of nematic elastomers is derived via the minimization of this Landau free energy; this neoclassical theory contains the classical theory of rubber elasticity as its isotropic limit. Our work not only reveals the statistic...